Alston, entomologist marion murray, ipm project leader michael e. Quadraspidiotus perniciosus, aspidiotus, san jose scale. The main hosts are apples, peaches, pears, plums and rubus. Henderson, 2011 live firstinstar nymph yellow, oval in outline, adult femals. Quadraspidiotus perniciosus guide to nursery and landscape. The biology of the scale insect quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock hemiptera. Aspidiotus perniciasus chou, 1985 quadraspidiotus perniciosus borchsenius, 1966 aspidiotus andromelas borchsenius, 1966 aspidiotus albopunctatus borchsenius, 1966 hemiberlesiana perniciosa lindinger, 1957 aspidiotus perniciosus merrill, 1953 aspidiotus fuscus ferris, 1941 quadraspidiotus perniciosus ferris, 1938. Postharvest heat treatment of apples to control san jose. Pdf san jose scale quadraspidiotus perniciosus is a key pest of. The san jose scale is a hemipterous insect quadraspidiotus perniciosus in the family diaspididae. This species is known to infest over 60 species of fruit and ornamental trees and shrubs. Young nymphs can be seen arrowed quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock coutin r. Encarsia perniciosi is a tiny parasitic wasp, a parasitoid of the california red scale aonidiella aurantii and the san jose scale quadraspidiotus perniciosus on citrus in california description.
This is a widely distributed pest of temperate fruits in himalaya. Diaspididae was studied from 19941995 on apricot trees and an effort was made for its control, based on the use of insect growth regulators. Pdf flight of san jose scale, quadraspidiotus perniciosus. Homopteradiaspidinae have been realized in the mediterranean zone of france. Postharvest heat treatment of apples to control san jose scale quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock and blue mold penicillium expansum link and maintain fruit firmness in journal of the american society for horticultural science. Encarsia perniciosi is a tiny darkcoloured wasp, rather smaller than comperiella bifasciata, another parasitoid of scale insects. A small reddish area often develops on the twigs around the feeding scale and extends internally to the xylem.
Erin sloop and justin kelly the san jose scale, commonly called sjs, is a devastating pest to fruit trees. The scales feed on the sap of twigs and small branches weakening and sometimes killing cells around the feeding site. Download pdf quadraspidiotus perniciosus san jose scales phenology almond trees greece natural enemies efficacy prospaltella perniciosi cybocephalusjose scale quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock and its management quadraspidiotus perniciosus was conducted during 2004 in thirteen blocks of. Quadraspidiotus perniciosus aspidiotus perniciosus san jose scale, rose streak virus, and rose wilt virus. There are three generations per year, the scale hibernates as a diapausing first instar larva. English, 2006, where it may cause damages that can reduce the vigor and productivity of plants. Female scales have a circular cover that is light to dark grey or brown and 1. San jose scale, quadraspidiotus perniciosus and its control nmsu. Ubersetzungen fur san jose scale quadraspidiotus perniciosus syn encarsia perniciosi prospaltella perniciosi im englischdeutschworterbuch, mit echten sprachaufnahmen, illustrationen, beugungsformen.
Diaspididae synonyms aspidiotas perfiiciosus comst. Print friendly pdf this publication is scheduled to be updated and reissued 106. In lateseason regions there were three periods of male flight activity may, julyaugust, september october, while in earlyseason. Diaspididae is a commercially worldwide pest of fruit and ornamental trees.
Insect determination manual for the european part of ussr. The highly polyphagous scale quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock rhynchota. San jose scale, quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock. Inra antibes damage on pear the change in colour of the epidermis is. Download adobe acrobat reader free software to read pdf files. Spatial distribution of san jose scale diaspidiotus perniciosus hemiptera.
The san jose scale, quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock, is in the order homoptera family diaspididae. English, extension entomologist college of agriculture, consumer and environmental sciences new mexico state university. Flight of san jose scale, quadraspidiotus perniciosus. Morphometric analyses and a key for quadraspidiotus diaspidiotus males are given by kozar et al. Pagka karon wala pay siak nga nalista ubos niini niya. Espesye sa insekto nga una nga gihulagway ni curtis ni adtong 1843 ang diaspidiotus ostreaeformis. Comstockaspis perniciosa quadpeoverview eppo global. Distribution of quadraspidiotus perniciosus san jose scale. Quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock 19810101 00. Diaspidiotus perniciosus comstock, 1881 mga sinonimo. Ecological studies onquadraspidiotus perniciosus comst. Media in category aspidiotus perniciosus the following 3 files are in this category, out of 3 total. Forestry department food and agriculture organization of the. Encarsia perniciosi is a tiny parasitic wasp, a parasitoid of the california red scale aonidiella aurantii and the san jose scale quadraspidiotus perniciosus on citrus in california.
The risk of orchard plants by san jose scale quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock article pdf available august 2018 with 75 reads how we measure reads. Annual report of the pennsylvania department of agriculture. The seasonal flight of san jose scale sjs, quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock, males was studied during 19841987 in peach and nectarine orchards, under two different climatic conditions in. For publication in journals, books or magazines, permission should be obtained from the original photographers with a copy to eppo.
This experiment was conducted in 19982000 to determine whether the peach twig borer ptb anarsia lineatella, and san jose scale sjs quadraspidiotus perniciosus would become economic problems if dormant sprays were not applied, and how sprays might affect the scale parasitoid encarsia perniciosi. Males are freeliving, very tiny being only one mm long and having well developed eyes, antennae, appendages and wings but vestigial mouth parts and therefore survive only for a day. Aspidiotus perniciasus chou, 1985 quadraspidiotus perniciosus borchsenius, 1966 aspidiotus andromelas borchsenius, 1966 aspidiotus albopunctatus borchsenius, 1966 hemiberlesiana perniciosa lindinger, 1957 aspidiotus perniciosus merrill, 1953 aspidiotus fuscus ferris, 1941 quadraspidiotus. Diaspidiotus perniciosus wikispecies, free species directory. Though over 60 plants serve as hosts of san jose scale, apple, peach, pear, pyracantha, quince and cotoneaster are most susceptible. The scale was first introduced in the united states in 1870 in the san jose valley of california on nursery stock shipped from china sjs background.
San jose scale quadraspidiotus perniciosus digitalcommons. Valid names results diaspidiotus ostreaeformis curtis, 1843. The effectiveness of the new insecticide diofenolan aware against the quadraspidiotus perniciosus on peach trees was evaluated in the field in northern greece. Apple, rose, pyracantha, cotoneaster and crabapple are common hosts but many hardwood trees and shrubs in the rose family rosaceae may be infested. Media in category quadraspidiotus perniciosus the following 3 files are in this category, out of 3 total. The interpolation took the mountainous topography into consideration. Quadraspidiotus perniciosus quadraspidiotus perniciosus 19980901 00.
Diaspididae, is a widespread insect on many cultivations, mainly on apple trees paloukis, 1968, 1969. Pdf mortality of san jose scale diaspidiotus perniciosus. Monitoring and control of quadraspidiotus perniciosus. Pyracantha and cotoneaster are especially susceptible to severe damage. Prospaltella perniciosi tower was imported in greece to aid in the biological control ofquadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock. The product is free from agrobacterium tumefasciens, erwinia amylovora, quadraspidiotus perniciosus, rose streak virus.
San jose scales start life as crawlers which are tiny, free living insects that move about the plant looking for a place to settle. San jose scale, quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock, life cycle dsir information series c. Considering that these trees also suffer damage by. The seasonal flight of san jose scale sjs, quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock, males was studied during 19841987 in peach and nectarine orchards, under two different climatic conditions in central macedonia northern greece, using sex pheromone traps. San jose scale quadraspidiotus perniciosus diane g. Parasitism by indigenous natural enemies, mostlyaphytis spp. San jose scale, quadraspidiotus perniciosus and its control guide h428 l. Scale insects feed on plants by inserting their stylets into leafy or woody tissues and continually withdrawing plant juices. Two to 10 years following release in apple trees the parasite was found well established onq. San jose scale is a sporadic pest in well maintained commercial fruit orchards severe infestations can kill limbs, cause deformed and poor colored fruit, reduce yields. Council directive of 8 december 1969 on control of san. Quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock, eppo bulletin 10. Acacia populus acer prws amehchier ptelea chaenomeles pyrus cotmuster ribes crataegus r osa cydmia salix.
A geographic information system was used to create a surface representation of 1990 pheromone. For publication in journals, books or magazines, permission should be obtained from the original photographers with a. Effectiveness of a new insecticide diofenolan for control. Pdf a population of san jose scale diaspidiotus perniciosus on an unsprayed red. San jose scale, quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock, life. Methylbromide gassing of planting fruit stock against the san jose scale quadraspidiotus perniciosus. Countries should require that consignments come from a field found free from q. Utah state university is committed to providing an environment free from harassment and other forms of illegal discrimination. Diaspidiotus perniciosus comstock, 1881mga sinonimo. Comstockaspis perniciosa quadpeoverview eppo global database.
The crawlers can be moved to another plant by wind or by hitching a ride on a birds leg. Ang diaspidiotus ostreaeformis sakop sa kahenera nga diaspidiotus sa kabanay nga diaspididae. Diaspidiotus perniciosus comstock quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock common names. Now it attacks apple, cherry, plum, peach, apricot, pear, walnut, almond, strawberry, chestnut, grapes, raspberry and many wild temperate plants. The insect is originally from china, but introduced in north america in the late 1900s as an invasive species. Spinalling whitefly aleyrodicus dispersus foreign pests from which india is free. It was accidentally introduced into india at around 1910. All photos included on this page can only be used for educational purposes. It is an agricultural pest as it causes damage and crop losses to many fruit crops. Notwithstanding its extreme economical importance and the large number of studies on behaviour, ecology, distribution, and control of this species rosen, 1990, tremblay, 1995, domenichini, 1960, mathys and guignard, 1965.
San jose scale quadraspidiotus perniciosus syn encarsia. All other fruit import permit and federal phytosanitary certificate required. The insecticide was applied in 2 treatments, in spring and in summer, at a rate of 10 and 15 g a. San jose scale, quadraspidiotus perniciosus and its control. A native of china, quadraspidiotus perniciosus or the san jose scale reached india in. In oklahoma, it has been recorded from pecan, quince, poinsettia, rubber plant, ivy, oregon grape, apple, trifoliate orange, plum, pyracantha, pear, and spirea. San jose scale feeds on the fruit, foliage and bark of its host. San jose scale is a pest of both orchards and ornamental plants. San jose scale trap p253trap 10 units waterproof carton material with random grid to aid counting, coated with stickem. Quadraspidiotus perniciosus wikibooks, open books for an. Plants must be treated with an insecticide and a fungicide. Effectiveness of a new insecticide diofenolan for control of san jost scale, quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock diaspididae, on peach trees in northern greece. Distribution of quadraspidiotus perniciosus san jose. Quadraspidiotus perniciosus comstock duteil male and female individuals the scale of the female was turned upside down to show the colour of the body of the female.
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